1. What causes varicoceles?

Varicoceles are caused by a problem with the valves in the veins that drain the testicles. These valves usually keep blood flowing in the correct direction, but when they don't work properly, blood can flow backwards and pool in the veins, causing them to become dilated.

2. What are the symptoms of varicoceles?

Symptoms of Varicoceles can include a dull ache or heavy sensation in the testicles, a feeling of fullness in the scrotum, and a visible or palpable mass in the scrotum. However, many men with Varicoceles have no symptoms and the condition is discovered incidentally.

3. Does Varicocele affect fertility?

Varicoceles can have an effect on fertility. It's thought that the increased temperature and blood flow in the scrotum caused by Varicoceles may damage sperm, leading to decreased sperm quality. Additionally, the increased blood flow can also create hormonal imbalances in the testicles, which can further impact sperm production. Treating Varicocele may improve fertility and pregnancy rate.

4. How are Varicoceles diagnosed?

Varicoceles are often diagnosed during a physical exam. The doctor will check for a mass or lump in the scrotum, or for a distinctive "bag of worms" appearance in the scrotum. They may also order an ultrasound to confirm the diagnosis.

5. How are Varicoceles treated?

Treatment for Varicoceles can vary depending on the severity of the condition, but common options include surgery, embolization, and observation. In most cases, treatment is only considered if the Varicocele is causing significant symptoms, such as pain or infertility.